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Pourquoi une communication claire est-elle cruciale pour votre croissance personnelle?

La communication est à la relation ce que la respiration est à la vie

- Virginia Satir

Cherchez à comprendre, puis à être compris

- Stephen R. Covey

La communication efficace est le précurseur de l'harmonie

- Fal A. Diabaté
En tant qu'êtres sociaux, nous prospérons dans la vie en construisant des relations avec d'autres créatures vivantes. La citation de Virginia Satir résume parfaitement cela : la communication est à la relation ce que la respiration est à la vie. La communication sans doute l’une des plus importantes compétences de la vie. Mais qu'est-ce que la communication exactement?
La communication inclus la transmission, la réception et la compréhension de messages pour un but précis. Il existe cinq types de communications : la lecture, l'écriture, la parole, l'écoute et la communication non verbale. Nous communiquons tous avec des amis, des membres de notre famille, des partenaires commerciaux, des collègues et des inconnus par une ou plusieurs de ces formes d'interactions.
Quand nous lisons seuls ou pour un public, nous communiquons avec nous-mêmes ou avec les autres. La lecture est un type de communication que nous apprenons tous à un jeune âge. Cependant, la lecture efficace est une compétence que la plupart des gens cherchent à maîtriser. Dans une salle de classe ou une réunion d'affaires, un lecteur efficace est quelqu'un dont la vitesse de lecture se situe entre 200 et 300 mots par minute (WPM), qui retient environ 80 % du contenu lu et peut le rappeler avec confiance. Les lecteurs efficaces améliorent leurs compétences avec une meilleure compréhension de lecture.
Pour y parvenir, vous devez lire beaucoup pour augmenter votre vocabulaire. Plus vous lisez, plus vous acquérez de mots, et plus vous acquérez de mots, plus vous devenez un lecteur rapide. La concentration et la vitesse de lecture sont importantes pour éviter de se distraire et de revenir en arrière (c'est-à-dire relire les phrases précédentes). Vous pouvez améliorer votre rétention en prenant des notes avec vos propres mots et en révisant ces notes résumées de tous les paragraphes. Vous pouvez vous rappeler de ce que vous avez lu en utilisant des moyens mnémotechniques ou des techniques de répétition espacée, comme le « système Leitner ».
Que vous rédigiez des mémos, des courriels formels, des rapports ou des propositions, la clarté de pensée est une condition préalable pour écrire efficacement. La clarté de pensée doit se traduire par une clarté dans votre écriture. Cela signifie écrire en pensant au public, en veillant à ce que le but de votre écrit soit facilement compris et en rendant le contenu concis et précis. Selon les circonstances de votre écriture, vous devez répondre aux questions suivantes pour vos lecteurs : qui, pourquoi, quoi, quand et les prochaines étapes.
Si le lecteur ne vous connaît pas, incluez une brève introduction. Articulez clairement l'objectif de votre écriture, ce que vous demandez, le niveau d'urgence et les prochaines étapes. Pour les propositions et les lettres d'affaires, il est important de capter l'attention du lecteur en expliquant clairement pourquoi il devrait lire votre proposition. Engagez l'intérêt du lecteur pour votre sujet, motivez-le à être réceptif à votre écrit avec une intention positive, énoncez l'impact de votre demande et incluez un appel à l'action. Relisez toujours votre écriture plusieurs fois avant de la publier.
Parler est l'un des types de communication les plus courants pour transmettre des idées. Selon Brian Tracy, un coach en communication, les mots représentent 7 % d'un message adressé à un auditoire, la vitesse et le ton de la voix en représentent 38 %, et le langage corporel en constitue 55 %. Cette statistique met en évidence la forte corrélation entre les émotions exprimées par les gestes, la posture, le langage corporel et le ton de la voix, et la réceptivité d'un message.
Les auditoires peuvent être classés en quatre types:
1. Les relationnels : des personnes qui veulent se connecter à votre message
2. Les analystes : des personnes qui recherchent la précision et les faits.
3. Les pragmatiques : des personnes qui veulent que l'orateur aille droit au but.
4. Les sociables : des personnes expressives.
Un orateur doit toujours connaître le type de public auquel il s'adresse. Quel que soit le type d'auditoire, un communicateur efficace doit délivrer son message avec sincérité, concision, clarté et respect. Les phrases doivent être courtes et significatives, évitant les longueurs qui peuvent créer de la confusion et une perception d’insécurité personnelle. Pour éviter les phrases interminables, sautez les préambules, les qualifications, les explications inutiles et les anecdotes. Au lieu de cela, livrez l'essentiel ou le cœur du message. Après avoir délivré votre message, faites une pause pour donner à votre auditoire l'occasion de répondre et pour vous permettre d'écouter.
Un communicateur efficace doit également être un auditeur efficace. Une écoute active équilibre les dialogues et peut favoriser l'humilité et l'empathie envers votre auditoire. Cela se reflète dans la citation de Stephen Covey, « Cherchez d'abord à comprendre, puis à être compris. » Lors de l'écoute, il est important de ne pas être désengagé ou distrait par des pensées anticipatives ou d'autres interruptions. Au contraire, un auditeur efficace est actif, présent, patient, et attend son tour pour paraphraser le message de l'orateur et poser des questions ouvertes pour chercher à comprendre.
L'insécurité personnelle, les problèmes de contrôle, l'égocentrisme, l'impatience ou l'arrogance peuvent parfois empêcher les gens d'écouter profondément. L'écoute empathique peut aider à surmonter ces problèmes et faire de vous un auditeur actif. Comme l'explique Stephen Covey dans son livre Les 7 habitudes des gens efficaces, « L'essence de l'écoute empathique n'est pas d'être d'accord avec quelqu'un ; c'est de comprendre pleinement et profondément cette personne, tant émotionnellement qu'intellectuellement. »
Comme mentionné précédemment, la communication non verbale, telle que le langage corporel, constitue environ 55 % du message. Un auditeur non verbal efficace utilise non seulement ses oreilles et ses yeux, mais aussi son cœur. Lorsqu'il est sincère, l'auditeur non verbal peut mieux comprendre l'orateur et potentiellement éviter les malentendus et les conflits inutiles.
La communication efficace est le précurseur de l'harmonie. Pour atteindre cet état, vous devez organiser vos pensées concises, en ayant un début, un milieu et une fin clairs de votre message. Maintenez un flux logique pour aider le public à suivre et à se souvenir de vos points. Utilisez des pauses efficaces et appropriées, et évitez les éléments qui réduisent la confiance tels que les tics de langage (par exemple, « vous savez », « euh », « eh bien ») et le langage corporel négatif comme le contact visuel inapproprié ou les hésitations dans le ton. Au lieu de cela, exprimez-vous avec sincerité, respect, clarté, concision et confiance.
Jusqu'à ce que nous nous rencontrions à nouveau, continuez à communiquer efficacement.
Fal Diabaté
Managing Partner, Barra Advisory Group

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